Determining the Blood Level of Lead of a Traffic Policeman in the Southern Governorates of Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51699/cajmns.v5i3.2492Keywords:
Heavy Metals, Lead, Traffic Policeman, Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometerAbstract
In this study, blood lead levels (BLLs) were determined in the blood of traffic police in the southern governorates of Iraq (since they are more exposed to lead found in automobile gasoline) and compared with samples taken from the blood of people of the same gender and age, but who do not work in the same job and live in rural areas somewhat far from pollution. The blood lead levels (BLLs) were determined in all these samples after digesting them by concentrated acids, and a flame atomic absorption device was used for the determination . The results showed that the percentage of lead was higher than the normal value (25 μg/dl) in the blood of the traffic policeman, while most of the samples of the second group were less than (25 μg/dl). It was found that these percentages increase with increasing age, and their increase has also been observed in people who smoke.
References
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direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=16758544&AN=141975225&h=L658MLGKg7%2Fzmj3uNJF0LcrmuHhIhPzq056JVvko36RG6jbZ4oaaRrklRqJD0oSVTC82Tq1zEuRfEqGeNtbPFg%3D%3D&crl=c
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29. Singh, A., & Choudhary, A. (2023). Traffic Policeman Gesture Recognition With Spatial Temporal Graph Convolution Network. 2023 IEEE Conference on Artificial …. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10195048/
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2. Ahmed K, Engidawork AG. Lead exposure study among workers in lead acid battery repair units of transport service enterprises, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology; 2008: 3:30
3. Alanee SA. Blood Lead Levels in Non-occupationally Exposed Individuals Contacting the Specialized Surgeries Hospital in 2008. Tikrit Medical Journal; 2011, 17(2): 17-21.
4. Al-Dosky AH, Al-Timimi DJ, Al-Dabbagh SA. Occupational exposure to lead in Duhok city, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Duhok Medical Journal; 2011: 5(2):76–85.
5. Atsdr, “Toxicological Profile for Lead,” 2020.
6. Berner A, Almehdi AM, Alwash R, Al-Neamy. FRM: A pilot survey of blood lead levels in various types of workers in the United Arab Emirates. Environmental International; 2001: 27:311-314.
7. Falq G, Zoghnoun A, Pascal M, Vemay N, et al. Blood lead levels in the adult population living in France. The French Nutrition and Health Survey (ENNS 2006–2007). Environment International;2011: 37(3): 565–571.
8. Fatoki OS, Ayoade D: Leady assay in blood of occupationally and non-occupationally exposed. International Journal Environmental Health Research; 1996: 6(3):195-200.
9. H. Ali and E. Khan, “What are heavy metals? Long-standing controversy over the scientific use of the term ‘heavy metals’–proposal of a comprehensive definition,” Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, vol. 100, no. 1. Taylor and Francis Ltd., pp. 6–19, Jan. 02, 2018. doi: 10.1080/02772248.2017.1413652
10. Jarup L, “Hazards of heavy metal contamination,” Br Med Bull, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 157–182, 2003.
11. Mason H, Williams N. The decay of blood lead levels in workers suspended under the control of lead at work regulations. Occupational Medicine; 2005: 55(5):371-374.
12. Monisha J, Tenzin T, Naresh A, Blessy BM, and Krishnamurthy NB, “Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals,” Interdiscip Toxicol, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 60–72, 2014.
13. Stoleski S, Stikova E, Bistimovska JK, Mijakoski D. Biological Monitoring Among Workers Exposed to InorganicLead and Its Compounds. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences; 2011: 4(4):428-436.
14. Thurmer K, Williams E, and Reutt-Robey J, “Autocatalytic oxidation of lead crystallite surfaces,” Science (1979), vol. 297, no. 5589, pp. 2033–2035, 2002.
15. U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services (Public Health Service), “Toxicological Profile For Lead,” 2007.
16. Wani AL, Ara A, and Usmani JA, “Lead toxicity: A review. Interdisciplinary Toxicology,” vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 55–64, 2015.
17. Weyermann M, Brenner H. Alcohol consumption and smoking habits as determinants of blood lead levels in a national population sample from Germany. Archive of Environmental Health: 1997: 57: 233–239.
18. Wietlisbach V, Rickenbach M, Berode M, GuilleminM. Time trend and determinants of blood lead levels in a Swiss population over a transition period (1984–1993) from leaded to unleaded gasoline use. Environmental Research; 1995: 68: 82–90.
19. Amarasinghe, J. N. P. (n.d.). Blood lead levels of traffic policeman in the city of Colombo. PGIM Theses and Dissertations 2002.
20. Amarasinghe, J. N. P. (2011). Blood lead levels of traffic policeman in the city of Colombo. … Lead Levels of Traffic Policeman in the City …. https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/sea-127967
21. Ghazi, S. N., Habib, H. H., Shejar, I. N., & ... (2024). Determining the Blood Level of Lead of a Traffic Policeman in the Southern Governorates of Iraq. Journal of Science …. https://journals.proindex.uz/index.php/JSML/article/view/938
22. GONG, J., CHEN, K., & ZHANG, F. (2005). Analysis on insular traffic policeman healthy risk and related affecting factors. Chinese Journal of Public Health. https://www.zgggws.com/en/article/id/15850?viewType=HTML
23. Kanjanasiranont, N., Prueksasit, T., & Morknoy, D. (2017). Inhalation exposure and health risk levels to BTEX and carbonyl compounds of traffic policeman working in the inner city of Bangkok, Thailand. Atmospheric Environment. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231016309529
24. Khan, S. T., Karadkhedkar, S., & Khadkekar, S. (2014). Noise induced hearing loss in city traffic policeman. Research &Reviews: Journal of Medical …
25. Liu, K. J., & Zhong, H. (1994). Effect of occupational hazard on neurobehavioral functions of traffic policeman. Chin J Indust Med.
26. MJ, P. A. S., MT, S. B., & MY, N. A. D. (2019). Mobile Outdoor Air Wireless Sensor Network for Exposure Monitoring among Traffic Policeman: A Review. Malaysian Journal of Medicine …. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=16758544&AN=141975225&h=L658MLGKg7%2Fzmj3uNJF0LcrmuHhIhPzq056JVvko36RG6jbZ4oaaRrklRqJD0oSVTC82Tq1zEuRfEqGeNtbPFg%3D%3D&crl=c
27. Nurai, T., & Naqvi, W. (2021). A research protocol of foot posture evaluation in traffic policeman. researchsquare.com. https://www.researchsquare.com/article/pex-1420/v1
28. Nurai, T., & Naqvi, W. (2022). A research protocol of foot posture in traffic policeman. Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical …. https://journals.lww.com/dmms/fulltext/2022/17010/A_Research_Protocol_of_Foot_Posture_in_Traffic.8.aspx
29. Singh, A., & Choudhary, A. (2023). Traffic Policeman Gesture Recognition With Spatial Temporal Graph Convolution Network. 2023 IEEE Conference on Artificial …. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10195048/
30. Vešović, M. (2003). Christ the Traffic Policeman. DIWAN. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=93049
31. Williams, S. (2017). Traffic Policeman Desperately Clings to Car’s Bonnet after Driver Refuses to Stop for an Inspection and Accelerates Straight into the Officer.’. Daily Mail.
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Published
2024-06-26
How to Cite
Sammah Naeem, Habib, H. H. ., Abdul-Hussain, H. R. ., Shejar, I. N. ., Galoob, N. H. ., Nateash, N. K. ., Abdel-Zahra, N. A. ., & Abbas, S. O. . (2024). Determining the Blood Level of Lead of a Traffic Policeman in the Southern Governorates of Iraq. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 5(3), 655–664. https://doi.org/10.51699/cajmns.v5i3.2492
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